refactor: improve URL detector performance and readability

- Replace 6 regex operations in Url.removeDotSegments() with simple
  string operations (startsWith/indexOf) using a when-expression
- Remove regex-based dropLastSegment() in favor of StringBuilder with
  lastIndexOf
- Extract duplicated hex/octal/decimal parsing in DomainNameReader
  into shared parseNumericLiteral() helper
- Deduplicate scheme matching by unifying findValidScheme* methods
  into findSchemeSuffix() using regionMatches (avoids lowercase allocation)
- Extract readPath() validity check into isPathValid() to remove
  duplicated 5-line condition
- Extract trySchemeNoSlashesOrUserPass() from readScheme() to
  eliminate duplicated branch logic
- Restructure readCurrent() with when-expression and extract
  resetDomainCounters() helper

https://claude.ai/code/session_017oGieyaUiLCxehNJ5aMFDK
This commit is contained in:
Claude
2026-03-29 04:08:58 +00:00
parent 48da76c6a3
commit a462221ca6
3 changed files with 265 additions and 385 deletions
@@ -245,95 +245,74 @@ class Url(
}
/**
* Removes dot segments from the given path as stated in
* ["RFC 3986, 5.2.4. Remove Dot Segments"](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-5.2.4).
*
* @param path
* The path from which dot segments are to be removed.
*
* @return
* The path from which dot segments are removed.
* Removes dot segments from the given path per
* [RFC 3986 §5.2.4](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986#section-5.2.4).
*/
fun removeDotSegments(path: String): String {
// Initialize the input with the no-appended path components and the output
// with the empty string.
var input = path
var output = ""
val output = StringBuilder()
// While the input is not empty, loop the following steps.
while (input.isNotEmpty()) {
// If the input begins with a prefix of "../" or "./", then
// remove that prefix from the input;
if (DOT_DOT_SLASH.find(input) != null) {
input = DOT_DOT_SLASH.replaceFirst(input, "")
continue
}
when {
// A: Remove leading "../" or "./"
input.startsWith("../") -> {
input = input.substring(3)
}
// If the input begins with a prefix of "/./" or "/.", where
// "." is a complete path segment, then replace that prefix
// with "/" in the input.
if (SLASH_DOT_SLASH.find(input) != null) {
input = SLASH_DOT_SLASH.replaceFirst(input, "/")
continue
}
input.startsWith("./") -> {
input = input.substring(2)
}
// If the input begins with a prefix of "/../" or "/..",
// where ".." is a complete path segment, then replace that
// prefix with "/" in the input and remove the last segment
// and its preceding "/" (if any) from the output.
if (SLASH_DOT_DOT_SLASH.find(input) != null) {
input = SLASH_DOT_DOT_SLASH.replaceFirst(input, "/")
output = dropLastSegment(output, true)
continue
}
// B: Replace leading "/./" or "/." (end) with "/"
input.startsWith("/./") -> {
input = "/" + input.substring(3)
}
// If the input consists only of "." or "..", then remove
// that from the input.
if (DOT_OR_DOT_DOT.find(input) != null) {
input = DOT_OR_DOT_DOT.replaceFirst(input, "")
continue
}
input == "/." -> {
input = "/"
}
// Move the first path segment in the input buffer to the
// end of the output, including the initial "/" character
// (if any) and any subsequent characters up to, but not
// including, the next "/" character or the end of the input.
val matchResult = MOVE_REGEX.find(input)
if (matchResult != null) {
input = matchResult.groups["remaining"]!!.value
output += matchResult.groups["firstsegment"]!!.value
continue
// C: Replace leading "/../" or "/.." (end) with "/" and drop last output segment
input.startsWith("/../") -> {
input = "/" + input.substring(4)
dropLastSegment(output)
}
input == "/.." -> {
input = "/"
dropLastSegment(output)
}
// D: Input is just "." or ".."
input == "." || input == ".." -> {
input = ""
}
// E: Move the first path segment to output
else -> {
val startIdx = if (input.startsWith("/")) 1 else 0
val idx = input.indexOf('/', startIdx)
val segEnd = if (idx == -1) input.length else idx
output.append(input, 0, segEnd)
input = input.substring(segEnd)
}
}
}
return output
return output.toString()
}
/**
* Drops the last segment (= characters after the last slash) of a path and
* optionally the last slash. If the path doesn't contain slash, an empty string
* is returned.
*
* @param path
* The path.
*
* @param dropLastSlash
* Whether or not to drop the last slash if present.
*
* @return The path from which the last segment is removed.
* Removes the last segment and its preceding "/" from the output buffer.
* For example, "/a/b" becomes "/a" and "/a" becomes "".
*/
fun dropLastSegment(
path: String,
dropLastSlash: Boolean,
): String {
// The regular expression for the target.
val m = if (dropLastSlash) DROP_LAST_SLASH_REGEX else DROP_LAST_SEGMENT_REGEX
// Find the target. (Any inputs matches the pattern.)
m.find(path)
// Drop the target.
return m.replaceFirst(path, "")
private fun dropLastSegment(output: StringBuilder) {
val lastSlash = output.lastIndexOf('/')
if (lastSlash >= 0) {
output.delete(lastSlash, output.length)
} else {
output.clear()
}
}
/**
@@ -416,34 +395,6 @@ class Url(
}
companion object {
val DROP_LAST_SLASH_REGEX = Regex("\\/?[^/]*$")
val DROP_LAST_SEGMENT_REGEX = Regex("[^/]*$")
// If the input begins with a prefix of "../" or "./", then
// remove that prefix from the input;
val DOT_DOT_SLASH = Regex("^\\.?\\./")
// If the input begins with a prefix of "/./" or "/.", where
// "." is a complete path segment, then replace that prefix
// with "/" in the input.
val SLASH_DOT_SLASH = Regex("^\\/\\.(\\/|$)")
// If the input begins with a prefix of "/../" or "/..",
// where ".." is a complete path segment, then replace that
// prefix with "/" in the input and remove the last segment
// and its preceding "/" (if any) from the output.
val SLASH_DOT_DOT_SLASH = Regex("^\\/\\.\\.(\\/|$)")
// If the input consists only of "." or "..", then remove
// that from the input.
val DOT_OR_DOT_DOT = Regex("^\\.?\\.$")
// Move the first path segment in the input buffer to the
// end of the output, including the initial "/" character
// (if any) and any subsequent characters up to, but not
// including, the next "/" character or the end of the input.
val MOVE_REGEX = Regex("^(?<firstsegment>\\/?[^/]*)(?<remaining>.*)$")
private const val DEFAULT_SCHEME = "https"
private val SCHEME_PORT_MAP: Map<String, Int> =
mapOf(
@@ -146,128 +146,132 @@ class DomainNameReader(
private set
/**
* Reads and parses the current string to make sure the domain name started where it was supposed to,
* and the current domain name is correct.
* @return The next state to use after reading the current.
* Validates the buffered domain-name prefix ([current]) that was accumulated before
* the caller started reading from the stream. Updates label/dot counters, detects
* hex-numeric IPs, brackets for IPv6, and ASCII/international char boundaries.
*
* If an invalid character is found mid-string the domain is restarted from that
* position (e.g. `asdf%asdf.google.com` → restart at `asdf.google.com`).
*
* @return [ReaderNextState.ValidDomainName] when the prefix is acceptable,
* [ReaderNextState.InvalidDomainName] otherwise.
*/
private fun readCurrent(): ReaderNextState {
if (current != null) {
// Handles the case where the string is ".hello"
if (current.length == 1 && isDot(current[0])) {
return ReaderNextState.InvalidDomainName
} else if (current.length == 3 && current.isDotPercent()) {
if (current == null) {
startDomainName = buffer.length
return ReaderNextState.ValidDomainName
}
// A lone dot or percent-encoded dot is never a valid domain start.
if ((current.length == 1 && isDot(current[0])) ||
(current.length == 3 && current.isDotPercent())
) {
return ReaderNextState.InvalidDomainName
}
startDomainName = buffer.length - current.length
numeric = true
// Index into `current` where we'd restart the domain if we hit an invalid char.
var newStart = 0
val chars = current.toCharArray()
val length = chars.size
// Detect hex literal prefix (0x...)
var isAllHexSoFar = length > 2 && chars[0] == '0' && (chars[1] == 'x' || chars[1] == 'X')
var lastWasAscii = length > 0 && chars[0].code < INTERNATIONAL_CHAR_START
var index = if (isAllHexSoFar) 2 else 0
while (index < length) {
val ch = chars[index]
val isAscii = ch.code < INTERNATIONAL_CHAR_START
currentLabelLength++
topLevelLength = currentLabelLength
if (currentLabelLength > MAX_LABEL_LENGTH) {
return ReaderNextState.InvalidDomainName
}
// The location where the domain name started.
startDomainName = buffer.length - current.length
// flag that the domain is currently all numbers and/or dots.
numeric = true
// If an invalid char is found, we can just restart the domain from there.
var newStart = 0
val currArray = current.toCharArray()
val length = currArray.size
// hex special case
var isAllHexSoFar =
length > 2 && (currArray[0] == '0' && (currArray[1] == 'x' || currArray[1] == 'X'))
var lastWasAscii = length > 0 && currArray[0].code < INTERNATIONAL_CHAR_START
var index = if (isAllHexSoFar) 2 else 0
var done = false
var isAscii = false
while (index < length && !done) {
// get the current character and update length counts.
val curr = currArray[index]
isAscii = curr.code < INTERNATIONAL_CHAR_START
currentLabelLength++
topLevelLength = currentLabelLength
// Is the length of the last part > 64 (plus one since we just incremented)
if (currentLabelLength > MAX_LABEL_LENGTH) {
return ReaderNextState.InvalidDomainName
} else if (isDot(curr)) {
// found a dot. Increment dot count, and reset last length
when {
isDot(ch) -> {
dots++
currentLabelLength = 0
} else if (curr == '[') {
}
ch == '[' -> {
seenBracket = true
numeric = false
} else if (curr == '%' && index + 2 < length && isHex(currArray[index + 1]) && isHex(currArray[index + 2])) {
// handle url encoded dot
if (currArray[index + 1] == '2' && currArray[index + 2] == 'e') {
}
ch == '%' && index + 2 < length && isHex(chars[index + 1]) && isHex(chars[index + 2]) -> {
// Percent-encoded byte; check for encoded dot (%2e)
if (chars[index + 1] == '2' && chars[index + 2] == 'e') {
dots++
currentLabelLength = 0
} else {
numeric = false
}
index += 2
} else if (isAllHexSoFar) {
// if it's a valid character in the domain that is not numeric
if (!isHex(curr)) {
numeric = false
isAllHexSoFar = false
index-- // backtrack to rerun last character knowing it isn't hex.
}
} else if (isAscii == lastWasAscii && (isAlpha(curr) || curr == '-' || !isAscii)) {
// we don't allow mixed domains: doesn't come here if it changed form ascii to not ascii.
}
isAllHexSoFar && !isHex(ch) -> {
// Thought it was hex but this char isn't — reprocess as non-hex
numeric = false
isAllHexSoFar = false
index-- // backtrack to re-evaluate this char
}
isAscii == lastWasAscii && (isAlpha(ch) || ch == '-' || !isAscii) -> {
// Valid domain character (same script as previous)
numeric = false
lastWasAscii = isAscii
} else if (isAscii != lastWasAscii) {
// if its not _numeric and not alphabetical, then restart searching for a domain from this point.
}
isAscii != lastWasAscii -> {
// Script boundary (ASCII ↔ international) — restart domain from here
newStart = index
currentLabelLength = 0
topLevelLength = 0
numeric = true
dots = 0
// done = true
resetDomainCounters()
lastWasAscii = isAscii
} else if (index == 0) {
if (curr in UrlDetector.CANNOT_BEGIN_URLS_WITH) {
newStart = index + 1
currentLabelLength = 0
topLevelLength = 0
numeric = true
dots = 0
}
}
index++
}
// An invalid character for the domain was found somewhere in the current buffer.
// cut the first part of the domain out. For example:
// http://asdf%asdf.google.com <- asdf.google.com is still valid, so restart from the %
if (newStart > 0) {
// make sure the location is not at the end. Otherwise the thing is just invalid.
if (newStart < current.length) {
buffer.clear()
buffer.append(current.substring(newStart))
// cut out the previous part, so now the domain name has to be from here.
startDomainName = 0
}
// now after cutting if the buffer is just "." newStart > current (last character in current is invalid)
if (newStart >= current.length || buffer.toString() == ".") {
return ReaderNextState.InvalidDomainName
index == 0 && ch in UrlDetector.CANNOT_BEGIN_URLS_WITH -> {
// Invalid leading char — restart after it
newStart = index + 1
resetDomainCounters()
}
}
} else {
startDomainName = buffer.length
index++
}
// If we found an invalid region, trim the buffer to start after it.
if (newStart > 0) {
if (newStart < current.length) {
buffer.clear()
buffer.append(current.substring(newStart))
startDomainName = 0
}
if (newStart >= current.length || buffer.toString() == ".") {
return ReaderNextState.InvalidDomainName
}
}
// all else is good, return OK
return ReaderNextState.ValidDomainName
}
/**
* Resets domain tracking counters when the domain start is being moved forward.
*/
private fun resetDomainCounters() {
currentLabelLength = 0
topLevelLength = 0
numeric = true
dots = 0
}
/**
* Reads the Dns and returns the next state the state machine should take in throwing this out, or continue processing
* if this is a valid domain name.
@@ -527,111 +531,66 @@ class DomainNameReader(
* @return Returns true if it's a valid ipv4 address
*/
private fun isValidIpv4(testDomain: String): Boolean {
var valid = false
val length: Int = testDomain.length
if (length > 0) {
// handling format without dots. Ex: http://2123123123123/path/a, http://0x8242343/aksdjf
if (dots == 0) {
try {
val value: Long
if (length > 2 && testDomain[0] == '0' && testDomain[1] == 'x') { // hex
// digit must be within ['0', '9'] or ['A', 'F'] or ['a', 'f']
for (c in 2..<length) {
val d: Char = testDomain[c]
if ((d < '0' || (d in ':'..<'A') || (d in 'G'..<'a') || d > 'f')) {
return false
}
}
value = testDomain.substring(2).toLong(16)
} else if (testDomain[0] == '0') { // octal
// digit must be within ['0', '7']
for (c in 1..<length) {
val d: Char = testDomain[c]
if (d !in '0'..'7') {
return false
}
}
value = testDomain.substring(1).toLong(8)
} else { // decimal
// digit must be within ['0', '9']
for (c in 0..<length) {
val d: Char = testDomain[c]
if (d !in '0'..'9') {
return false
}
}
value = testDomain.toLong()
}
valid = value in MIN_NUMERIC_DOMAIN_VALUE..MAX_NUMERIC_DOMAIN_VALUE
} catch (_: NumberFormatException) {
valid = false
}
} else if (dots == 3) {
// Dotted decimal/hex/octal format
val parts: List<String> = splitByDot(testDomain)
valid = true
if (testDomain.isEmpty()) return false
// check each part of the ip and make sure its valid.
var i = 0
while (i < parts.size && valid) {
val part = parts[i]
val partLen: Int = part.length
if (partLen > 0) {
val parsedNum: String
val base: Int
if (partLen > 2 && part[0] == '0' && part[1] == 'x') { // dotted hex
// digit must be within ['0', '9'] or ['A', 'F'] or ['a', 'f']
for (c in 2..<partLen) {
val d: Char = part[c]
if ((d < '0' || (d in ':'..<'A') || (d in 'G'..<'a') || d > 'f')) {
return false
}
}
parsedNum = part.substring(2)
base = 16
} else if (part[0] == '0') { // dotted octal
// digit must be within ['0', '7']
for (c in 1..<partLen) {
val d: Char = part[c]
if (d !in '0'..'7') {
return false
}
}
parsedNum = part.substring(1)
base = 8
} else { // dotted decimal
// digit must be within ['0', '9']
for (c in 0..<partLen) {
val d: Char = part[c]
if (d !in '0'..'9') {
return false
}
}
parsedNum = part
base = 10
}
// Dotless format: http://2123123123123/path, http://0x8242343/aksdjf
if (dots == 0) {
val value = parseNumericLiteral(testDomain) ?: return false
return value in MIN_NUMERIC_DOMAIN_VALUE..MAX_NUMERIC_DOMAIN_VALUE
}
val section =
if (parsedNum.isEmpty()) {
0
} else {
try {
parsedNum.toInt(base)
} catch (_: NumberFormatException) {
return false
}
}
if (section !in MIN_IP_PART..MAX_IP_PART) {
valid = false
}
} else {
valid = false
}
i++
}
// Dotted format: must have exactly 4 parts (3 dots)
if (dots != 3) return false
val parts = splitByDot(testDomain)
for (part in parts) {
if (part.isEmpty()) return false
val section = parseNumericLiteral(part) ?: return false
if (section !in MIN_IP_PART..MAX_IP_PART) return false
}
return true
}
/**
* Parses a numeric literal that may be decimal, hexadecimal (0x prefix), or octal (0 prefix).
* Validates digit ranges before parsing to avoid exceptions.
* @return The parsed value as a Long, or null if the string is not a valid numeric literal.
*/
private fun parseNumericLiteral(s: String): Long? {
if (s.isEmpty()) return 0L
val digits: String
val base: Int
if (s.length > 2 && s[0] == '0' && (s[1] == 'x' || s[1] == 'X')) {
// Hexadecimal
digits = s.substring(2)
base = 16
for (c in digits) {
if (!isHex(c)) return null
}
} else if (s[0] == '0') {
// Octal
digits = s.substring(1)
base = 8
for (c in digits) {
if (c !in '0'..'7') return null
}
} else {
// Decimal
digits = s
base = 10
for (c in digits) {
if (c !in '0'..'9') return null
}
}
return valid
if (digits.isEmpty()) return 0L
return try {
digits.toLong(base)
} catch (_: NumberFormatException) {
null
}
}
/**
@@ -316,81 +316,75 @@ class UrlDetector(
while (!reader.eof()) {
val curr = reader.read()
// if we match a slash, look for a second one.
if (curr == '/') {
buffer.append(curr)
if (numSlashes == 1) {
// return only if its an approved protocol. This can be expanded to allow others
val schemeStartIndex: Int = findValidSchemeStartIndex(buffer.toString())
// Two slashes found — check for a valid scheme like "http://"
val schemeStartIndex = findValidSchemeStartIndex(buffer.toString())
if (schemeStartIndex >= 0) {
buffer.deleteRange(0, schemeStartIndex)
currentUrlMarker.setIndex(UrlPart.SCHEME, 0)
return true
} else {
return false
}
return false
}
numSlashes++
} else if (curr == ' ') {
// if we find a space or end of input, then nothing found.
buffer.append(curr)
return false
} else if (curr == '[') { // if we're starting to see an ipv6 address
reader.goBack() // unread the '[', so that we can start looking for ipv6
return false
} else if (originalLength > 0 && numSlashes == 0 && CharUtils.isAlpha(curr)) {
// If we had already read something before the : and we are matching regardless of slashes, assume it's a scheme
// Add the slashes to the end of the scheme so it matches what's in the scheme list
val schemeStartIndex = findValidSchemeNoSlashesStartIndex(buffer.toString())
if (schemeStartIndex >= 0) {
if (schemeStartIndex > 0) {
buffer.deleteRange(0, schemeStartIndex)
}
currentUrlMarker.setIndex(UrlPart.SCHEME, 0)
reader.goBack()
return true
} else {
reader.goBack()
return readUserPass(0)
}
// If this didn't match a defined scheme, continue processing as usual
} else if (originalLength > 0 || numSlashes > 0 || !CharUtils.isAlpha(curr)) {
// if it's not a character a-z or A-Z then assume we aren't matching scheme, but instead
// matching username and password.
// Add the slashes to the end of the scheme so it matches what's in the scheme list
val schemeStartIndex = findValidSchemeNoSlashesStartIndex(buffer.toString())
if (schemeStartIndex >= 0) {
if (schemeStartIndex > 0) {
buffer.deleteRange(0, schemeStartIndex)
}
currentUrlMarker.setIndex(UrlPart.SCHEME, 0)
reader.goBack()
return true
}
} else if (curr == '[') {
// Start of IPv6 — unread and let the caller handle it
reader.goBack()
return readUserPass(0)
return false
} else if (originalLength > 0 || numSlashes > 0 || !CharUtils.isAlpha(curr)) {
// Not a plain alpha char continuing a potential scheme name, or we already
// had content before the colon / had slashes. Try matching a scheme without
// slashes (e.g. "nostr:npub1...") then fall back to username:password.
return trySchemeNoSlashesOrUserPass()
}
}
return false
}
private fun findValidSchemeStartIndex(optionalScheme: String): Int {
val optionalSchemeLowercase = optionalScheme.lowercase()
return VALID_SCHEMES
.filter(optionalSchemeLowercase::endsWith)
.map(optionalSchemeLowercase::lastIndexOf)
.firstOrNull() ?: -1
/**
* Attempts to match the buffer as a scheme without slashes (e.g. "nostr:").
* If that fails, treats the content as a potential username:password.
*/
private fun trySchemeNoSlashesOrUserPass(): Boolean {
val schemeStartIndex = findValidSchemeNoSlashesStartIndex(buffer.toString())
if (schemeStartIndex >= 0) {
if (schemeStartIndex > 0) {
buffer.deleteRange(0, schemeStartIndex)
}
currentUrlMarker.setIndex(UrlPart.SCHEME, 0)
reader.goBack()
return true
}
reader.goBack()
return readUserPass(0)
}
private fun findValidSchemeNoSlashesStartIndex(optionalScheme: String): Int {
val optionalSchemeLowercase = optionalScheme.lowercase()
return VALID_SCHEMES_NO_SLASHES
.filter(optionalSchemeLowercase::endsWith)
.map(optionalSchemeLowercase::lastIndexOf)
.firstOrNull() ?: -1
private fun findValidSchemeStartIndex(optionalScheme: String): Int = findSchemeSuffix(optionalScheme, VALID_SCHEMES)
private fun findValidSchemeNoSlashesStartIndex(optionalScheme: String): Int = findSchemeSuffix(optionalScheme, VALID_SCHEMES_NO_SLASHES)
/**
* Checks if [buffer] ends with any of the [schemes] (case-insensitive)
* and returns the start index of the match, or -1 if none match.
*/
private fun findSchemeSuffix(
buffer: String,
schemes: List<String>,
): Int {
val len = buffer.length
for (scheme in schemes) {
val schemeLen = scheme.length
if (len >= schemeLen && buffer.regionMatches(len - schemeLen, scheme, 0, schemeLen, ignoreCase = true)) {
return len - schemeLen
}
}
return -1
}
/**
@@ -619,57 +613,33 @@ class UrlDetector(
var endsOnASlash = true
while (!reader.eof()) {
// read the next char
val curr = reader.read()
if (curr == ' ') {
// if end of state and we got here, then the url is valid
// if it is not just a word/word
if (
currentUrlMarker.hasScheme() ||
currentUrlMarker.hasPort() ||
currentUrlMarker.hasUsernamePassword() ||
!isSingleLevelLabel ||
endsOnASlash
) {
return readEnd(ReadEndState.ValidUrl)
} else {
return readEnd(ReadEndState.InvalidUrl)
}
return readEnd(if (isPathValid(endsOnASlash)) ReadEndState.ValidUrl else ReadEndState.InvalidUrl)
}
// append the char
buffer.append(curr)
// now see if we move to another state.
if (curr == '?') {
// if ? read query string
return readQueryString()
} else if (curr == '#') {
// if # read the fragment
return readFragment()
}
if (curr == '?') return readQueryString()
if (curr == '#') return readFragment()
endsOnASlash = curr == '/'
}
// end of input then this url is good.
// if end of state and we got here, then the url is valid
// if it is not just a word/word
// no need to check for query and fragments
// here we accept urls that end in /
if (
currentUrlMarker.hasScheme() ||
return readEnd(if (isPathValid(endsOnASlash)) ReadEndState.ValidUrl else ReadEndState.InvalidUrl)
}
/**
* A path is valid if the URL has additional context (scheme, port, credentials)
* or if it's not an ambiguous single-level label like "word/word".
*/
private fun isPathValid(endsOnASlash: Boolean): Boolean =
currentUrlMarker.hasScheme() ||
currentUrlMarker.hasPort() ||
currentUrlMarker.hasUsernamePassword() ||
!isSingleLevelLabel ||
endsOnASlash
) {
return readEnd(ReadEndState.ValidUrl)
} else {
return readEnd(ReadEndState.InvalidUrl)
}
}
/**
* The url has been read to here. Remember the url if its valid, and reset state.